Passive 수동태의 이해와 연습

[1] 예문 연습
 

This house was built in 1930. 이 집은 1930년도에 지어졌다.   “was built”는 수동태이다.   Somebody built this house in 1930. [능동태] 누군가(주어) 이 집을 1930년에 지었다(동사).   This house was built in 1930 by somebody. [수동태] 이 집은 (누군가에 의해) 1930년에 지어졌다.

 

“주어가 (뭔가를) 하는 것”을 이야기 할 때, 능동의 동사를 사용한다.
 
My grandfather was a builder. He built this house in 1930.
 
It’s a big company. It employs two hundred people.
 
“주어에게 무슨 일이 벌어지는 것”을 이야기 할 때, 수동태를 사용한다.
 
This house is quite old. It was built in 1930.
 
Two hundred people are employed by the company.
 

[2] 수동태를 사용할 때, “누구 또는 무엇이 그 액션을 하게 했는지”는 모르거나 중요하지 않을 때가 많다.
 

A lot of money was stolen in the robbery.
많은 돈이 강도 사건에서 도둑 맞았다. (누군가 돈을 훔쳤고, 그게 누군지는 모른다.)
 
누가 또는 무엇이 그 일을 유발했는지를 표현하고 싶으면, “by”를 사용한다.
 
This house was built by my grandfather.
 
Two hundred people are employed by the company.
 

[3] 수동태:  be동사 (is/was/have been 등) + 일반동사의 과거분사
  

	능동	수동
헌재시제	Somebody cleans this room every day.	This room is cleaned every day.
	Careless driving caused many accidents.	Many accidents are caused by careless driving.
	People don’t invite me to parties often.	I’m not often invited to parties.
	How do we pronounce this word?	How is this word pronounced?
과거시제	Somebody cleaned this room every day.	This room was cleaned every day.
	A loud noise during the night woke us up.	We were woken up by a loud noise during the night.
	“Did you go to the party?” “No, nobody invited me.”	“Did you go to the party?” “No, I wasn’t invited.”
	How much money did someone steal?	How much money was stolen?